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Nucl. Acids Res. 36, 5391–404. miR-16 family induces cell cycle arrest by regulating multiple cell cycle genes. 2008

Liu, Q., Fu, H., Sun, F., Zhang, H., Tie, Y., Zhu, J., Xing, R., Sun, Z. and Zheng, X.

Notes: To identify microRNA targets, the authors created a Drosha-knockdown cell line and confirmed depletion of Drosha and three randomly selected miRNAs in these cells by quantitative RT-PCR, using β-actin as a control. The reverse transcription step was performed using the ImProm-II™ Reverse Transcription System. The authors then performed microarray analysis to monitor expression of transcripts to determine which were upregulated as a result of Drosha depletion; cRNA used in these microarray experiments was synthesized using the T7 RiboMAX™ Express Large Scale RNA Production System. Cyclin D1 was identified as a potential miRNA target. To screen miRNAs that regulate cyclin D1, the authors cloned the cyclin D1 3´ untranslated region downstream of the firefly luciferase gene of the pGL3-Control Vector and measured luciferase levels in transfected cells using the Dual Luciferase Reporter Assay System. Renilla luciferase in the pRL-TK Vector was used as a normalization control. (3894)

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Haematologica 93, 1505–1513. Molecular characterization of three novel splicing mutations causing factor V deficiency and analysis of the F5 gene splicing pattern. 2008

Dall'Osso, C., Guella, I., Duga, S., Locatelli, N., Paraboschi, E.M., Spreafico, M., Afrasiabi, A., Pechlaner, C., Peyvandi, F., Tenchini, M.L. and Asselta, R.

Notes: To examine the causes of Factor V (FV) deficiency, the authors examined transcript splicing and its mutated variations. Three regions of human FV (F5) were amplified from a healthy individual and the PCR products cloned into the pTargeT™ Mammalian Expression Vector. Three identified mutations from people with FV deficiency were introduced by site-directed mutatgenesis. All constructs were sequenced before transfection into HeLa cells. After 48 hours, the total RNA was purified and the splicing pattern of the wild type and mutant constructs were analyzed by RT-PCR. The mutant constructs were also transfected into HepG2 cells and tested for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) with or without NMD inhibitors (puromycin, cycloheximide, and wortmannin) using RT-PCR. (3992)

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J. Biomol. Scr. 13, 968–974. Mouse thymus targeted peptide isolated by in vivo phage display can inhibit bioactivity of thymus output in vivo. 2008

Yu, Y., Wang, Z. and Du, T.

Notes: In this study, in vivo selection of a phage display random peptide library was performed in mice, isolating specific peptides that homed to mouse thymus. A thymus-homing and kidney-recovered peptide were injected into BALB/c mice, and peripheral blood removed at intervals of 15 minutes, 1 hour, 3 hours, 6 hours and 24 hours. DNA was extracted using the ReadyAmp™ Genomic DNA Purification System. Thymus activity was assessed by using real-time PCR. (4020)

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J. Clin. Microbiol. 46, 652–64. Multilocus sequence typing reveals that the population structure of Candida dubliniensis is significantly less divergent than that of Candida albicans. 2008

McManus, B.A., Coleman, D.C., Moran, G., Pinjon, E., Diogo, D., Bougnoux, M.E., Borecká-Melkusova, S., Bujdákova, H., Murphy, P., d'Enfert, C. and Sullivan, D.J.

Notes: To determine the usefulness of multilocus sequence typing (MLST) in differentiating Candida species during epidemiological studies, the authors investigated the population structure of C. dubliniensis by amplifying the same 10 MLST loci found to be useful in differentiating isolates of C. albicans, a closely related species. PCRs were performed using 1.25 units of GoTaq® Flexi DNA Polymerase and 1ng of DNA template in a 50µl reaction. (3880)

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Cancer Res. 68, 6803-6809. Mutation of genes affecting the RAS pathway is common in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia 2008

Case, M., Matheson, E., Minto, L., Hassan, R., Harrison, C.J., Bown, N., Bailey, S., Vormoor, J., Hall, A.G. and Irving, J.A.E.

Notes: The authors of this study investigated the relationship of somatic mutations that deregulate the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK pathway and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) and its progression to relapse in some patients. They show that such mutations are common in ALL and its recurrence. Furthermore, lymphoblasts from patients with mutations that were associated with upregulation of ERK showed increased cytotoxicity over wild-type controls when treated with U0126, suggesting that specific ERK inhibitors may eventually yield useful therapeutics. Following drug exposure, cytotoxic effects were assessed using the CellTiter 96® AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay. (3905)

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Br. J. Ophthalmol. 92, 848–851. Mutations in the quinolone resistance determining region in Staphylococcus epidermidis recovered from conjunctiva. 2008

Yamada, M., Yoshida, J., Hatou, S., Yoshida, T. and Minagawa, Y.

Notes: To study how mutations in the quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) of Staphylococcus epidermidis may have a role in fluoroquinolone resistance, 138 samples of S. epidermidis were swabbed from the conjunctival sacs of 129 patients. These samples were cultured overnight in tryptic soy broth, and genomic DNA isolated using the Wizard® SV 96 Genomic DNA Purification System. One microliter of the isolated DNA was used in PCR for the QRDR genes (gyrA, gyrB, parC and parE). (3939)

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Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105, 12445-12450. Oncogenic bystander radiation effects in Patched heterozygous mouse cerebellum. 2008

Mancuso, M., Pasquali, E., Leonardi, S., Tanori, M., Rebessi, S., Di Majo, V., Pazzaglia, S., Toni, M.P., Pimpinellam M., Covelli, V. and Saran, A.

Notes: To examine radiation-bystander responses in neonatal mouse cerebellum, heterozygous radiosensitive Patched-1 (Ptch1) mice were exposed to either whole body (WB) x-rays or shielded head/rest of body (SH) irradiation. Genomic DNA was isolated from tumors and normal tissue using the Wizard® SV Genomic DNA Purification System. Loss of heterozygosity was tested using PCR and sequencing of exon 23 of the Ptch1 gene. (3940)

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J. Clin. Microbiol. 46, 3752–3758. Plastic polymers for efficient DNA microarray hybridization: application to microbiological diagnostics. 2008

Zhao, Z., Peytavi, R., Diaz-Quijada, G.A., Picard, F.J., Huletsky, A., Leblanc, E., Frenette, J., Boivin, G., Veres, T., Dumoulin, M.M. and Bergeron, M.G.

Notes: A plastic support suitable for use in microfluidic systems for highly sensitive DNA microarray hybridizations was developed and tested. Human DNA from Hsap-11 cells was isolated using the MagneSil® KF, Genomic System on a KingFisher ML instrument. Ten nanograms of the isolated DNA was used in RT-PCR. (4021)

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Clin. Chem. 54, 1080–4. Rapid determination of monozygous twinning with a microfabricated capillary array electrophoresis genetic-analysis device. 2008

Yeung, S.H., Medintz, I.L., Greenspoon, S.A. and Mathies, R.A.

Notes: The authors used a microfabricated capillary electrophoresis instrument to rapidly assess the genetic relationship between same-sex twins and their parents and siblings. STR typing was performed to determine if the twins were monozyotic or dizygotic and to confirm familial relationships. The authors used the PowerPlex® 16 System to examine 15 STR loci in this study. (4045)

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Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73, 4234-4242. Rapid engineering of bacterial reporter gene fusions by using Red recombination. 2008

Gerlach, R.G., Hölzer, S.U., Jäckel, D., and Hensel, M.

Notes: These authors describe use of a red recombinase mediated method for generation of reporter constructs in Salmonella enterica setrovar typhimurium. Among the reporter constructs created was a HaloTag® reporter using the HaloTag® coding region from the pHT2 promoter. (3924)

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Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 373, 48–52. Selection of mRNA 5´-untranslated region sequence with high translation efficiency through ribosome display. 2008

Mie, M., Shimizu, S., Takahashi, F. and Kobatake, E.

Notes: The authors developed an in vitro selection system that is based on ribosome display and favors identification of 5´-untranslated regions (UTRs) with high translation efficiencies. A 5´-UTR random library was created in which the 5´-UTRs were upstream of a polyhistidine-tag/Renilla luciferase-coding region. In vitro transcripts from this library were translated in vitro using the Flexi® Rabbit Reticulocyte Lysate System. The authors preferentially selected mRNAs with high translational efficiencies by shortening the translation time and capturing ternary complexes of mRNA, ribosome and nascent proteins. These complexes were captured using MagneHis™ Ni Particles. RNA was extracted from these complexes and used as a template in RT-PCR for the next round of selection. Before and after each round of selection, 9µl of RNA was translated in vitro, and 20µl of translated product was removed every 5 minutes to measure Renilla luciferase activity and monitor translation efficiency. Renilla luciferase was measured using the Renilla Luciferase Assay System. After two rounds of selection, RT-PCR products were cloned into a pUC18 vector, the sequences of the resulting plasmids were confirmed, and 0.5µg of plasmid was translated in vitro using the TNT® T7 Coupled Rabbit Reticulocyte Lysate System to further evaluate translation efficiency. (3963)

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Clin. Vaccine Immunol. 15, 418–424. Sequential analysis of Anaplasma phagocytophilum msp2 transcription in murine and equine models of human. 2008

Scorpio, D.G., Leutenegger, C., Berger, J., Barat, N., Madigan, J.E. and Dumler, J.S.

Notes: The authors examined the pattern of Anaplasma phagocytophilum msp2 expression, a gene that modulates with little immune pressure and has decreased virulence with prolonged in vitro passage. C57BL/6J mice were inoculated with HL-60 cells infected with low-passage (passage 5) or high-passage (passage 26). Blood samples were taken 2–21 days post-inoculation, and total RNA was isolated. The purified RNA was subjected to RT-PCR, cloned into the pGEM®-T Easy Vector, transformed and plated. Plasmids were purified using the Wizard® SV 96 Plasmid DNA Purification System, and the insert size analyzed after EcoRI digestion. The inserts were sequenced, aligned with A. phagocytophilum Webster strain msp2 references using ClustalX and the diversity of msp2 transcripts divided into low- or high-passage bacteria. (3975)

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J. Biol. Chem. 283, 23514–23. Snail regulates cell-matrix adhesion by regulation of the expression of integrins and basement membrane proteins. 2008

Haraguchi, M., Okubo, T., Miyashita, Y., Miyamoto, Y., Hayashi, M., Crotti, T.N., McHugh, K.P. and Ozawa, M.

Notes: Snail is a transcriptional repressor of E-cadherin that enhances both cell attachment and cell detachment in Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) and A4231 cells. To investigate this effect, the authors used Western blot analysis and RT-PCR to monitor protein and mRNA levels of the major adhesive proteins expressed in epithelial cells: laminin, heparin sulfate proteoglycan and collagens. For RT-PCR, total RNA was isolated from transiently transfected snail-expressing MDCK and A431 cells and untransfected cells, then reverse transcribed. The resulting cDNA was amplified by PCR using GoTaq® DNA Polymerase; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was amplified as an internal control. The ability of Snail to regulate the integrin αV promoter was also examined by cloning the promoter and several promoter deletions upstream of a firefly luciferase reporter gene in the pGL3-Basic Vector. Each of these constructs (1µg) and 20ng of pRL-CMV Vector were transfected into MDCK and MDCK/snail cells, and luminescence was measured using the Dual Luciferase Assay System. (3882)

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J. Bacteriol. 190, 1649–1657. Structural and biological characterization of a capsular polysaccharide produced by Staphylococcus haemolyticus. 2008

Flahaut, S., Vinogradov, E., Kelley, K.A., Brennan, S., Hiramatsu, K. and Lee, J.C.

Notes: The authors wanted to purify and characterize the capsular polysaccharide (CP) produced by Staphylococcus haemolyticus strain JCSC1435. S. haemolyticus strains grown in TSB cultures were harvested, lysed with lysozyme and lysostaphin and genomic DNA isolated using the Wizard® Genomic DNA Purification Kit. The DNA was then used in CP gene PCR. Total RNA was isolated from exponential, postexponential, and stationary phases of S. haemolyticus growth and used in RT-PCR using the Access RT-PCR System. (3977)

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J. Virol. 12, 5940–50. Sulfatide is required for efficient replication of influenza A virus. 2008

Takahashi, T., Murakami, K., Nagakura, M., Kishita, H., Watanabe, S., Honke, K., Ogura, K., Tai, T., Kawasaki, K., Miyamoto, D., Hidari, K.I., Guo, C.T., Suzuki, Y. and Suzuki, T.

Notes: Sulfatide is present in mammalian organs where influenza A replicates. Ceramide galactosyltransferase (CGT) and cerebroside (galactosylceramide) sulfotransferase (CST), which synthesize sulfatide, were cloned by PCR into the pTargeT™ Mammalian Expression Vector and the pGEM®-T Easy Vector, (CST with or without a three base insertion), respectively. The two genes were removed by restriction digestion and cloned into pIRES-neo to forma bicistronic construct. Arylsulfatase A (ASA), which degrades sulfatide was also amplified and cloned into the pGEM®-T Easy Vector, before being subcloned into a neomycin-resistant expression vector. The expression vectors were transfected into COS-7 cells and selected for stable expression using G418. (3990)

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BMC Genomics 9, 315. The complete mitochondrial genome of the Antarctic springtail Cryptopygus antarcticus (Hexapoda: Collembola). 2008

Carapelli, A., Comandi, S., Convey, P., Nardi, F. and Frati, F.

Notes: To sequence the mitochondrial genome one of the most widespread and common collembolan species of Antarctica, springtail Cryptopygus antarcticus. Specimens were collected from Killingbeck I during a 2002 polar expedition and frozen in liquid nitrogen. The Wizard® SV Genomic Purification System was used to extract total DNA from the samples and the complete mitochondrial genome was amplified twice, first with universal primers and sequenced, and then using long PCR with specific primers. The long PCR products were mechanically sheared, blunt end repaired and purified using the Wizard® SV Gel and PCR Clean-Up System. The fragments were then cloned, transformed and sequenced. (3976)

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Endocrinology 149, 2306–12. The gastrointestinal hormone ghrelin modulates inhibitory neurotransmission in deep laminae of mouse spinal cord dorsal horn. 2008

Vergnano, A.M., Ferrini, F., Salio, C., Lossi, L., Baratta, M. and Merighi, A.

Notes: The authors investigated the expression pattern of type 1a growth hormone secretagogue receptor (type 1a GHSR), a receptor for ghrelin. In situ RT-PCR was performed on paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded mouse spinal cord tissue. Prior to in situ RT-PCR, tissue sections were treated with proteinase K and triethanolamine, then dewaxed. Reverse transcription was performed using the Reverse Transcription System and oligo (dT)15 primers; followed by amplification using the PCR Master Mix in the presence of 11-digoxygenin-dUTP (1mM). Amplification products were detected using an anti-digoxygenin, alkaline phosphatase-conjugated goat antibody and nitro blue tetrazolium/5-bromo-3-indolylphosphate-p-toluidine salt (NBT/BCIP). (3968)

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Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74, 2288–97. The genomes of the non-clearing-zone-forming and natural-rubber-degrading species Gordonia polyisoprenivorans and Gordonia westfalica harbor genes expressing Lcp activity in Streptomyces strains. 2008

Bröker, D., Dietz, D., Arenskötter, M. and Steinbüchel, A.

Notes: Natural rubber-degrading bacteria fall into two categories: those forming clearing zones on latex overlay plates and those that do not. To investigate this degradation process, the authors amplified latex-clearing protein (lcp) homologs from non-clearing-zone-forming bacteria using degenerate PCR primers based on lcp sequences from clearing-zone forming species. The 3´ region of the lcp gene in G. westfalica was amplified by nested PCR using biotinylated primers, and the amplified products were cloned in the pGEM®-T Easy Vector and sequenced using universal M13 forward and reverse primers. (3907)

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J. Biol. Chem. 283, 16868–75. The hairless phenotype of the Hirosaki hairless rat is due to the deletion of an 80-kb genomic DNA containing five basic keratin genes. 2008

Nanashima, N., Akita, M., Yamada, T., Shimizu, T., Nakano, H., Fan, Y. and Tsuchida, S.

Notes: The mutation responsible for the hairless phenotype was linked to a 80kb deletion of chromosome 7q36. Because many basic keratin genes are located at 7q36, the authors examined keratin gene expression in the Hirosaki hairless rat using RT-PCR. Expression of kb21, kb23 and kb26 was not detected, whereas other basic keratin genes were expressed. RT-PCR was performed using the AccessQuick™ RT-PCR System and 0.5µg of total RNA isolated from rat skin for 21–30 cycles. (3887)

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Genetics 179, 177-192. The small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) and SUMO-conjugating system of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. 2008

Wang, Y., Ladunga, I., Miller, A.R., Horken, K.M., Plucinak, T., Weeks, D.P. and Bailey, C.P.

Notes: These authors used computational biology to screen the genome of the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii for SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) homologs. They identified several SUMO and SUMO-like sequences. One of these proteins, crSUMO96, which was recognized by the A. thaliana anti-SUMO antibody, was studied in detail. During their studies, the authors used the PureYield™ RNA Midiprep System to isolate total RNA from C. reinhardtii cells. This RNA was used in real-time RT-RCR assays to detect mRNA transcripts for the various SUMO-like proteins. The Plexor® Two-Step qRT-PCR System was used for the real-time assays. For expression studies, cDNA encoding the various proteins was amplified and subcloned into the pGEM®-T Easy Vector before transfer into an expression vector. (3875)

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Eukaryot. Cell 7, 1965–1979. Transcriptome for photobiological hydrogen production induced by sulfur deprivation in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. 2008

Nguyen, A.V., Thomas-Hall, S.R., Malnoë, A., Timmins, M., Mussgnug, J.H., Rupprecht, J., Kruse, O., Hankamer, B. and Schenk, P.M.

Notes: The authors analyzed the transcriptional activity of wild-type Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cultures sampled at different time points during the aerobic and anaerobic phase of the photobiological hydrogen production process under sulfur-depleted conditions. C. reinhardtii were grown in photobioreactors, carefully extracted, centrifuged and flash-frozen in liquid nitrogen. RNA was purified using the SV Total RNA Isolation System following the plant centrifugation protocol without sample grinding. The eluted RNA was quantitated and integrity checked by gel electrophoresis and qRT-PCR. Total RNA was used to synthesize labeled cDNA using the ChipShot™ Indirect Labeling and Clean-Up System. The labeled cDNA was used for probing microarrays. (4022)

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Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74, 1886–91. Use of Drosophila S2 cells as a model for studying Ehrlichia chaffeensis infections. 2008

Luce-Fedrow. A., Von Ohlen, T., Boyle, D., Ganta, R.R. and Chapes, S.K.

Notes: The authors infected Drosophila S2 cells with Ehrlichia chaffeensis to determine if Drosophila is a model system to study E. chaffeensis pathogenesis. E. chaffeensis was also grown in canine macrophage-like DH82 cells, the most common host cell line. Infections were assessed by RT-PCR using the Access RT-PCR System, 0.5–1.0µg of RNA and primers specific to the E. chaffeensis 16S rRNA gene. Housekeeping genes for ribosomal protein 49 and canine glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase were amplified as control targets for Drosophila and DH82 cells, respectively. Negative controls without reverse transcriptase were performed to be sure that DNA was absent from the RNA samples. (3888)

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Exp. Biol. Med. 232, 1195–1203. 13-cis-Retinoic acid alters intracellular serotonin, increases 5-HT1A receptor, and serotonin reuptake transporter levels in vitro. 2007

O'Reilly, K.C., Trent, S., Bailey, S.J. and Lane, M.A.

Notes: The authors examined the regulatory effect of 13-cis-retanoic acid (13-cis-RA) on genes that encode proteins involved in serotonergic neurotransmission in the RN46A-B14 cell line, which was derived from rat embryonic raphe nuclei. Northern blot analysis was performed to quantitate mRNA levels of these genes in 13-cis-RA-treated and untreated cells. cDNA templates for generating Northern blot probes were synthesized by reverse transcription using the Reverse Transcription System followed by PCR. The Reverse Transcription System was also used in RT-PCR to check for the expression of retinoic acid and retinoid X receptors (RAR and RXR, respectively) in RN46A-B14 cells. Briefly, 1µg of total RNA was treated with DNase, reverse transcribed using oligo (dT) primers, then amplified by PCR using RARα, RARβ, RXRα, RXRβ/γ primers. (3790)

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Assay Drug Dev. Technol. 5, 237–245. A bioluminescent-based, HTS-compatible assay to monitor G-protein-coupled receptor modulation of cellular cyclic AMP 2007

Kumar, M., Hsiao, K., Vidugiriene, J. and Goueli, S.A.

Notes: The authors of this paper introduce a luminescent assay to monitor changes in cellular cAMP concentration. The assay can be used to study the activity of G-protein coupled receptors that modulate adenylate cyclase activity. The assay is compatible with high-throughput screening in 96-, 384- and 1536-well formats. (3928)

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Mol. Biol. Cell 18, 2795–804. A developmentally regulated chaperone complex for the endoplasmic reticulum of male haploid germ cells. 2007

van Lith, M., Karala, A.R., Bown, D., Gatehouse, J.A., Ruddock, L.W., Saunders, P.T. and Benham, A.M.

Notes: PDILT is a protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) homolog under developmental control and is induced during puberty. To determine whether PDILT expression coincides with the first wave of spermatogenesis, the authors examined expression of PDILT in 2-, 15-, 30-, 45- and 58-day old rats using RT-PCR. Total RNA was isolated from rat testis, and 50ng was amplified using the AccessQuick™ RT-PCR System and primer pairs specific for PDILT, PDI and calmegin, a testis-specific chaperone that is expressed upon the appearance of spermatocytes. Primer pairs were designed to span introns to avoid amplification of genomic DNA. PCR products were analyzed on a 1% agarose gel. Results showed that PDILT mRNA was first detected during the onset of spermatogenesis. (3765)

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